The ebonics Dialect Paper Research Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

The ebonics Dialect - Research Paper Example language has a characteristic development direction isn't right, however that fairly, the manner in which language develops is constrained by people rather than language developing all alone. As Wilson (89) says, the manner in which individuals join certain implications to different words and expressions is the thing that gives language meaning. Orwell is probably going to have an alternate perspective on the use of the N word from Wallace. To start with, comprehend that the N word has advanced in the course of the most recent couple of decades. From the disdainful word Negro, the ebonic word Nigga has been determined, particularly among the African American people group. Not at all like the deprecatory idea of the word from which the Nigga is utilized, the word Nigga is utilized as an expression of regard in among the African American people group. Orwell would concur with this sort of language move and might be welcome the way that this sort of improvement is fundamental for the development of language. In any case, an individual like Wallace would have reservation against the utilization of this word and consider this to be a negative change from the necessities of language. Wallace confesses to being a language geek, the thoughtful who hopes to ensure that each standard has been watched. In such manner, he would in all likelihood article to the N word, either as Nigga, or Negro. This is on the grounds that the word Nigga could be seen by a punctuation master as a casual word while Negro is viewed as hostile and slanderous (Ernest 145). Therefore, for an individual like Wallace, he would most likely have an issue with the utilization of this world. Orwell then again appears to have an alternate perspective on the standards of language. He contends that the manner in which individuals change language prompts the manner in which language happens in governmental issues, and afterward the political influences the manner in which individuals alter language. In such manner, he is well on the way to value the way that language develops in such manners that keep up age-old standards of sentence structure may nor be vital nor plausible. As an English instructor, Curzan discusses encouraging sentence structure and syntax rules. She begins her

The Consumer Financial Protection Agency Act of 2009

The Consumer Financial Protection Agency Act of 2009 A demonstration is a law instituted as enactment. The Consumer Financial Protection Agency Act of 2009 was first introduced to States Congress (Senate and House of Representatives) in the United States for conversation in July 8 2009. The demonstration covers any monetary item or administration to be utilized by a purchaser for individual, family, or family unit purposes.Advertising We will compose a custom article test on The Consumer Financial Protection Agency Act of 2009 explicitly for you for just $16.05 $11/page Learn More According to Postner (2009), the Agency has authority over budgetary items and administrations guaranteeing buyers have sufficient data on money related items and administrations to settle on sound choices. The office ought to likewise be liable for planning standard items. The agency’s order is to look to uphold comprehensibility, straightforwardness, equity, answerability, and access in the market for (customer) monetary items or administrations. Its targets as indicated by Govtrack (n.d.) incorporate; guaranteeing that all shoppers particularly the underestimated approach money related administrations, shielding buyers from any type of abuse and guarantee fairness in treatment all things considered, guaranteeing simple access and utilization of any data that may assist buyers with using sound judgment as to budgetary items and benefits, and guaranteeing smooth running of the monetary items and administrations and bringing out thoughts that may achieve development and advancement in the business sectors. Wright and Zywicki (2009) feature the significant mishaps of the Consumer Financial Protection Agency as; It utilizes high administration levels which may prompt expanded costs and wastage of time in doing the strategies, It has been viewed as a significant reason for money related emergency the same number of individuals bring about obtaining to purchase houses they couldn't manage the cost of and subsequently being not able t o pay their home loans and It might diminish rivalry and accessibility of credits to shoppers and may likewise restrict client decision. Evans and Wright (2010) watch the impacts of the Consumer Financial Protection Agency to be; Increased loan costs paid by customers, diminished acquiring limit of buyers consequently lessening purchaser spending and low pace of new openings made in the economy. End Although the Consumer Financial Protection Agency has been seen to have many negative viewpoints, here are a portion of the positives perspectives I have acknowledged; it guarantees that the budgetary items are of high caliber and valuable to purchasers by clinging to set norms. It considers reasonable rivalry and bandits prepayment punishments and secures shoppers against noxious lenders.Advertising Looking for paper on business financial aspects? We should check whether we can support you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Recommendations There ought to be no solid guideline s on borrowers. Guideline ought to guarantee that banks manage educated borrowers thus maintaining a strategic distance from misdirection Consumers ought to be given satisfactory data on changes on rates that may emerge during installments of advances There ought to be punishments on loan specialists who hoodwink shoppers by exploiting their obliviousness on budgetary items and administrations. Path forward Implementation of the Consumer Financial Protection Agency Act will influence suppliers and shoppers of budgetary items and administrations somehow or another; it will prompt clearing of purchaser money related insurance. The demonstration will prompt arrangement of Consumer Financial Protection Agency which will guarantee that other existing monetary security laws are executed in a legitimate way. It will likewise control shopper money related items, approve divulgences, and require organizations to offer buyers plain vanilla items to discover quality and standard and carefully authorize punishments against any acts of neglect. The office will likewise preclude movable rate contracts since shoppers as a rule don’t put into thought the chance of future increment in loan costs and boycott pre-installment punishments on contracts. Reference List Evans, D.S. also, Wright, J.D. (2010). The Effect of the Consumer Financial Protection Agency Act of 2009 on Consumer Credit. George Mason Law Economics Research Paper No. 09-50; Loyola Consumer Law Review, Vol. 22, No. 3, 2010, pp. 277-335. Govtrack (n.d). Content of H.R. 3126: Consumer Financial Protection Agency Act of 2009. Retrieved from https://www.govtrack.us/congress/bills/111/hr3126/textAdvertising We will compose a custom exposition test on The Consumer Financial Protection Agency Act of 2009 explicitly for you for just $16.05 $11/page Learn More Postner, A.R (2009). Regarding Financial Consumers as Consenting Adults. Money Street diary, New York: Dow Jones Company. Wright, J D. what's more, Zywicki , T. J. (2009). Three Problematic Truths about the Consumer Financial Protection Agency Act of 2009. Lombard Street, Vol. 1, No. 12, September 14, 2009; George Mason Law Economics Research Paper No. 09-48.

How Not to Get Ripped off by Your Mechanic

How Not to Get Ripped off by Your Mechanic How Not to Get Ripped off by Your Mechanic How Not to Get Ripped off by Your MechanicIf you’re a mechanic, we have some bad news for you. Only 29% of Americans have a high level of trust in your profession.And while we’re sure that you’re totally trustworthy, we hope you won’t mind if we give all the non-mechanics out there some tips to make sure  theyre really getting their moneys worth!Don’t get tricked into paying for services your car doesn’t need!Mechanics may try to get you to purchase services more frequently than you need them. It’s tough to blame themâ€"we all have to eat, after allâ€"but you’d probably rather spend the money on say, food for yourself, than unnecessary tune-ups.Richard Reina, product training director at CARiD.com (@CARiD_com), has spoken to us before about car maintenance. He let us know that many services mechanics offer aren’t needed quite as often as they might suggest:  â€œCar ownership is an expensive task (more than $8,500 a year) so it is important that drivers are vigilant about maintenance to avoid any unnecessary spending. Here are some maintenance tips to avoid a rip-off at the mechanic:“Changing the oil every 3,000 miles.  This is very common advice in the auto industry today, but it doesn’t necessarily hold true for new model vehicles. If your mechanic suggests this, remember that new cars can run smoothly with an oil change every 5,000-7,500 miles, which can significantly cut expenses as you wait longer for servicing. You can also save on this process by performing the oil change yourselfâ€"this ensures that you are putting high-quality oil into your vehicle and saves both time and money that would have been spent at a shop.“Recommended tune-ups for engines/air conditioners.  This is often an unnecessary, though typical, add-on suggestion from a mechanic or auto shop. If you own a new vehicle, it is monitored by technology that will alert you when an issue arises with your engine that needs to be fixed, so there is no need to perform work prematurely. When it comes to your air conditioner, use your best judgment before spending extra money on a tune-up. If your air is coming out cold and you have no other complaints, it’s better left alone.“Changing your brake pads. Many drivers believe that this taskâ€"which shops will often charge hundreds of dollars forâ€"is too complex to do themselves. However, changing your own brake pads is fairly straight forward as all drivers need is a wheel lug wrench, basic wrenches, pliers and a jack to prop the car up. A DIY job costs about $40, while the average dealer price per axle can land around $250.“Basic auto tune-up.   Similar to the point above about an engine tune-up, an overall vehicle tune-up is often not essential to the basic functioning of your vehicle because of the advanced technology available in new cars. In addition to an oil and filter change, a “tune-up” consists of changing the air filter, fuel filter, spark plugs (today, spark plugs are designed to las t 100,000 miles on average) and a check of all fluids. In the past, it was often recommended to have a basic tune-up done every year, but the safer (and more economical) bet today is to have a tune-up based on mileage manufacturer’s recommendations.”It probably goes without saying, but paying for maintenance you don’t need is not a great experience for your bank account and should, therefore, be avoided.Don’t be afraid to ask them to show you what they’re doing.Most mechanics aren’t trying to rip you off, and if they have nothing to hide, they shouldn’t be afraid to walk you through exactly what they’re doing.Jill Trotta (@RepairPal_Jill), director of the automotive group at RepairPal (@RepairPal), emphasized the importance of transparency in the mechanic-customer relationship: “Transparency is key. A mechanic should always be willing to fully explain your repairs and show you (if possible) what is needed and why. Asking questions, playing show and tell, and paying a fair price to have the work completed right the first time by a trusted shop is your best defense.”Mike Scanlin, CEO of BorntoSell.com (@borntosell), offered one important reason to be vigilant: “Sometimes they charge you for parts they didnt replace always ask for your old parts before you pay.”Like we said, most mechanics aren’t trying to rip you off, but you owe it to your wallet to remain vigilant.Shop around (shop, shop, and shop some more)!Finally, unless you have a major emergency on your hands, it’s always worth taking the time to find out what your options are. And the absolute cheapest isn’t always the best. Here’s what Trotta told us:“Shopping price and going with the lowest quote isnt going to prevent you from being ripped-off, this is putting you in a vulnerable position. Shops who dropped their prices to get you in the door will often cut corners or recommend additional repairs to make up the margins they are losing on the low quote. The lowest price in the door is most often not the lowest price in the end. A shop with qualified mechanics, the right tools, and fair prices (not cheap) is your best option. Building a relationship with your mechanic or using a shop that is part of an organization, like RepairPal, is the best way to find a great shop that uses transparent practices. RepairPal thoroughly vets the shops they list, so consumers dont have too.”Use all this advice to make sure your money is going the extra mile (heh). Then you’ll have dollars left over for fixing bad credit (if you’re dealing with that), or purchasing a super cool air freshener to put inside your newly repaired car.Visit OppLoans on YouTube | Facebook | Twitter | LinkedINContributorsRichard Reina  is the Product Training Director at CARiD.com (@CARiD_com) and a life-long car enthusiast.Mike Scanlin  is the CEO of BornToSell.com  (@borntosell), a website for covered call investors. During his 30-year career, he has worked as a software engineer, i nvestment banker, and venture capitalist.Jill Trotta (@RepairPal_Jill) is an automotive professional with over 25 years of professional experience. ASE Certified technician and consultant. She is currently working on the Automotive Professional Team at  RepairPal. They do the hard work of identifying technically qualified, customer friendly auto shops and presenting them to consumers. They are working to develop transparency in the Automotive Industry. They also have a very accurate automotive repair price estimator that is available to shops and consumers. How Not to Get Ripped off by Your Mechanic How Not to Get Ripped off by Your Mechanic How Not to Get Ripped off by Your MechanicIf you’re a mechanic, we have some bad news for you. Only 29% of Americans have a high level of trust in your profession.And while we’re sure that you’re totally trustworthy, we hope you won’t mind if we give all the non-mechanics out there some tips to make sure  theyre really getting their moneys worth!Don’t get tricked into paying for services your car doesn’t need!Mechanics may try to get you to purchase services more frequently than you need them. It’s tough to blame themâ€"we all have to eat, after allâ€"but you’d probably rather spend the money on say, food for yourself, than unnecessary tune-ups.Richard Reina, product training director at CARiD.com (@CARiD_com), has spoken to us before about car maintenance. He let us know that many services mechanics offer aren’t needed quite as often as they might suggest:  â€œCar ownership is an expensive task (more than $8,500 a year) so it is important that drivers are vigilant about maintenance to avoid any unnecessary spending. Here are some maintenance tips to avoid a rip-off at the mechanic:“Changing the oil every 3,000 miles.  This is very common advice in the auto industry today, but it doesn’t necessarily hold true for new model vehicles. If your mechanic suggests this, remember that new cars can run smoothly with an oil change every 5,000-7,500 miles, which can significantly cut expenses as you wait longer for servicing. You can also save on this process by performing the oil change yourselfâ€"this ensures that you are putting high-quality oil into your vehicle and saves both time and money that would have been spent at a shop.“Recommended tune-ups for engines/air conditioners.  This is often an unnecessary, though typical, add-on suggestion from a mechanic or auto shop. If you own a new vehicle, it is monitored by technology that will alert you when an issue arises with your engine that needs to be fixed, so there is no need to perform work prematurely. When it comes to your air conditioner, use your best judgment before spending extra money on a tune-up. If your air is coming out cold and you have no other complaints, it’s better left alone.“Changing your brake pads. Many drivers believe that this taskâ€"which shops will often charge hundreds of dollars forâ€"is too complex to do themselves. However, changing your own brake pads is fairly straight forward as all drivers need is a wheel lug wrench, basic wrenches, pliers and a jack to prop the car up. A DIY job costs about $40, while the average dealer price per axle can land around $250.“Basic auto tune-up.   Similar to the point above about an engine tune-up, an overall vehicle tune-up is often not essential to the basic functioning of your vehicle because of the advanced technology available in new cars. In addition to an oil and filter change, a “tune-up” consists of changing the air filter, fuel filter, spark plugs (today, spark plugs are designed to las t 100,000 miles on average) and a check of all fluids. In the past, it was often recommended to have a basic tune-up done every year, but the safer (and more economical) bet today is to have a tune-up based on mileage manufacturer’s recommendations.”It probably goes without saying, but paying for maintenance you don’t need is not a great experience for your bank account and should, therefore, be avoided.Don’t be afraid to ask them to show you what they’re doing.Most mechanics aren’t trying to rip you off, and if they have nothing to hide, they shouldn’t be afraid to walk you through exactly what they’re doing.Jill Trotta (@RepairPal_Jill), director of the automotive group at RepairPal (@RepairPal), emphasized the importance of transparency in the mechanic-customer relationship: “Transparency is key. A mechanic should always be willing to fully explain your repairs and show you (if possible) what is needed and why. Asking questions, playing show and tell, and paying a fair price to have the work completed right the first time by a trusted shop is your best defense.”Mike Scanlin, CEO of BorntoSell.com (@borntosell), offered one important reason to be vigilant: “Sometimes they charge you for parts they didnt replace always ask for your old parts before you pay.”Like we said, most mechanics aren’t trying to rip you off, but you owe it to your wallet to remain vigilant.Shop around (shop, shop, and shop some more)!Finally, unless you have a major emergency on your hands, it’s always worth taking the time to find out what your options are. And the absolute cheapest isn’t always the best. Here’s what Trotta told us:“Shopping price and going with the lowest quote isnt going to prevent you from being ripped-off, this is putting you in a vulnerable position. Shops who dropped their prices to get you in the door will often cut corners or recommend additional repairs to make up the margins they are losing on the low quote. The lowest price in the door is most often not the lowest price in the end. A shop with qualified mechanics, the right tools, and fair prices (not cheap) is your best option. Building a relationship with your mechanic or using a shop that is part of an organization, like RepairPal, is the best way to find a great shop that uses transparent practices. RepairPal thoroughly vets the shops they list, so consumers dont have too.”Use all this advice to make sure your money is going the extra mile (heh). Then you’ll have dollars left over for fixing bad credit (if you’re dealing with that), or purchasing a super cool air freshener to put inside your newly repaired car.Visit OppLoans on YouTube | Facebook | Twitter | LinkedINContributorsRichard Reina  is the Product Training Director at CARiD.com (@CARiD_com) and a life-long car enthusiast.Mike Scanlin  is the CEO of BornToSell.com  (@borntosell), a website for covered call investors. During his 30-year career, he has worked as a software engineer, i nvestment banker, and venture capitalist.Jill Trotta (@RepairPal_Jill) is an automotive professional with over 25 years of professional experience. ASE Certified technician and consultant. She is currently working on the Automotive Professional Team at  RepairPal. They do the hard work of identifying technically qualified, customer friendly auto shops and presenting them to consumers. They are working to develop transparency in the Automotive Industry. They also have a very accurate automotive repair price estimator that is available to shops and consumers.

The British Constitution Essay example - 482 Words

The British Constitution A constitution is a set of laws on how a country is governed. The British Constitution is unwritten, unlike the constitution in America, and, as such, is referred to as an uncodified constitution. The British Constitution can be found in a variety of documents. Supporters of our constitution believe that the current way allows for flexibility and change to occur without too many problems. Those who want a written constitution believe that it should be codified so that the public as a whole has access to it – as opposed to just constitutional experts who know where to look and how to interpret it. Amendments to Britain’s unwritten constitution are made the same way –†¦show more content†¦There are two basic principles to the British Constitution: * The Rule of Law * The Supremacy of Parliament The main arguments for a written and codified constitution: Parliament is currently unrestrained: It can make or unmake any law. It cannot be checked by any other branch of the system Its heavy workload can mean poor laws are passed The Unitary system can mean the creation of laws that are inappropriate to regions of the UK ~ The independence of the Judiciary would be protected ~ Basic rights of citizens are identified and guaranteed ~ There will be less constitutional crises as there will not be confusion as to what is unconstitutional behaviour ~ A large parliamentary majority means the domination of the legislature by the executive. An elective dictatorship ~ The first past the post system creates an exaggerated mandate for the largest party, which is unlikely to have over 50% of the votes (this has not happened since 1945) ~ Without a Bill of Rights, it is Parliaments duty to preserve liberties. However these can be removed at any time by Parliament (e.g. Internment, the Prevention of Terrorism Act). The main arguments against a written and codified constitution: ~ If it aint broke, dont fix it. The British constitution has served us well over theShow MoreRelatedThe Uk s Constitution And The British Constitution2341 Words   |  10 PagesA constitution is defined in the Oxford English Dictionary as â€Å"A body of fundamental principles or established precedents according to which a state or organisation is governed.† It has also been described by the writer AV Dicey as â€Å"All rules which directly or indirectly affect the distribution and exercise of the sovereign power in the state.† (A V Dicey, Introduction to the Study of the Law of the Constitution, Macmillan, London 1915). The UK s constitution is not written in a single documentRead MoreThe reform of the British constitution remains unfinished business.1439 Words   |  6 Pages In this essay, I would like to analyse why the reform of the British constitution is seen as unfinished business. Constitutional reform is when the system of government and how government institutions interact is changed. This has also meant the codification of some components of the constitution in the UK. Between 1997 and 2007, there were a considerable number of constitutional reforms introduced by the Blair governments. These reforms included devolution in Scotland, Wales and Northern IrelandRead MoreThe Pros and Cons of an Unwritten Constitution in the UK Essay example655 Words   |  3 PagesUnwritten Constitution in the UK The UK has an unwritten constitution unlike the U.S.A. Instead Britains laws, policies and codes are developed through statutes, common law, convention and more recently E.U law. It is misleading to call the British constitution unwritten; a more precise form of classification would be un-codified. This means that the British constitution has no single document, which states principles and rules of a state. However, The British constitutionRead MoreIs the Uks Constituition Becoming Increasingly Codified Essay843 Words   |  4 PagesThe British constitution has become increasingly codified, discuss. A constitution is a set of rules that defines the manner a country is run. The British constitution is said to be an unwritten constitution, more accurately it is uncodified as much more of the British constitution is written down, however, they are not all written down in a single document like a codified constitution would require as how the US is, however draws from several different sources such as; statutes laws, commonRead MoreA comparison of the United States Constitution And The Declaration of Independence712 Words   |  3 PagesIntroduction The United States Constitution and The Declaration of Independence are two of America s most famous documents that laid the foundation for it s independence as a nation and separation from British rule. The following paper will compare these two documents and decipher the difference of the two. While both Declaration of Independence and the United States Constitution contain important information regarding America s independence they are also different in many respects. DraftedRead MoreThe British Of The French And Indian War1247 Words   |  5 PagesPage 1 of 5 It’s 1763, and the British just signed a treaty with France to mark the end of the French/Indian War (1756-1763). The British were very happy with themselves, they just won the war! They had a right to feel victorious. The British colonies in North America were in that same happy, victorious state. But all that happiness and victory came at a price. The price was the immense debt that Britain faced after the war. The British needed money fast to pay off their debt. But tensions aroseRead MoreThe Transformation of the American Colonies Essay1700 Words   |  7 Pagesunderwent a radical transformation becoming an independent self-governing nation. The British debt accumulated from the French and Indian War brought colonists into conflict with the mother country over a variety of social, political and economic issues. This turmoil pushed the colonials to fight for their independence and develop a government that would counter these problems. With the introduction of the constit ution, the American Revolution initiated a radical departure from the America prior to 1763Read MoreThe Revolution Of The United States1297 Words   |  6 Pagesâ€Å"Life, Liberty, and the Pursuit of Happiness,† as stated in the Constitution as well as stated by the philosopher John Locke, is the basis for the United States of America as we know it today. The notion that all humans were created equal and that all people are entitled to basic human rights came from the various experiences the colonists faced through the Revolution, which was a vital influence in the creation of the Constitution. The revolution was a key turning point in American history, itRead MoreThe Constitution of the U.K. Essay1234 Words   |  5 PagesThe Constitution of the U.K. There are two meanings to the word constitution the first is that It will contain all of the rules for the organisation of the state.and secondly It will usuall be ‘entrenced’ which means that it is hard to change. The constitution of a country is a set of rules regulating the powers of its government and the rights and duties of its citizens. In all but a few democracies in the world, the nations constitution canRead MoreThe Modern Day Legal Systems1671 Words   |  7 Pagescivilizations have affected Canadian law. These include the Code of Hammurabi, the Mosaic law, Greek and Roman laws, the Magna Carta and a few others. More recently are the civil and common law derived from the French and British respectively. Canada did not always have a written constitution. The territory we now refer to as Canada was once populated by the French and English colonial masters. These colonists extended the laws of their home countries to their colonies. As the population of this territory

Bibliography Definition and Examples

A bibliography is a list of works (such as books and articles)Â  written on a particular subject or by a particular author. Adjective: bibliographic. Also known as a list of works cited, a bibliography may appear at the end of a book, report, online presentation, or research paper. Students are taught that a bibliography, along with correctly formatted in-text citations, is crucial to properly citing ones research and to avoiding accusations of plagiarism. In formal research, all sources used, whether quoted directly or synopsized, should be included in the bibliography. An annotated bibliography includes a brief descriptive and evaluative paragraph (the annotation) for each item in the list. These annotations often give more context about why a certain source may be useful or related to the topic at hand. Etymology:Â  From the Greek, writing about books (biblio, book, graph, to write)Pronunciation:Â  bib-lee-OG-rah-fee Examples and Observations Basic bibliographic information includes title, author or editor, publisher, and the year the current edition was published or copyrighted. Home librarians often like to keep track of when and where they acquired a book, the price, and a personal annotation, which would include their opinions of the book or of the person who gave it to them(Patricia Jean Wagner, The Bloomsbury Review Booklovers Guide. Owaissa Communications, 1996) Conventions for Documenting Sources It is standard practice in scholarly writing to include at the end of books or chapters and at the end of articles a list of the sources that the writer consulted or cited. Those lists, or bibliographies, often include sources that you will also want to consult. . . .Established conventions for documenting sources vary from one academic discipline to another. The Modern Language Association (MLA) style of documentation is preferred in literature and languages. For papers in the social sciences the American Psychological Association (APA) style is preferred, whereas papers in history, philosophy, economics, political science, and business disciplines are formatted in the Chicago Manual of Style (CMS) system. The Council of Biology Editors (CBE) recommends varying documentation styles for different natural sciences.(Robert DiYanni and Pat C. Hoy II, The Scribner Handbook for Writers, 3rd ed. Allyn and Bacon, 2001) APA vs MLA Styles There are several different styles of citations and bibliographies that you might encounter: MLA, APA, Chicago, Harvard, and more. As described above, each of those styles is often associated with a particular segment of academia and research. Of these, the most widely used are APA and MLA styles. They both include similar information, but arranged and formatted differently. In an entry for a book in an APA-style works-cited list, the date (in parentheses) immediately follows the name of the author (whose first name is written only as an initial), just the first word of the title is capitalized, and the publishers full name is generally provided. APAAnderson, I. (2007). This is our music: Free jazz, the sixties, and American culture. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press. By contrast, in an MLA-style entry, the authors name appears as given in the work (normally in full), every important word of the title is capitalized, some words in the publishers name are abbreviated, the publication date follows the publishers name, and the medium of publication is recorded. . . . In both styles, the first line of the entry is flush with the left margin, and the second and subsequent lines are indented. MLAAnderson, Iain. This Is Our Music: Free Jazz, the Sixties, and American Culture. Philadelphia: U of Pennsylvania P, 2007. Print. The Arts and Intellectual Life in Mod. Amer. (MLA Handbook for Writers of Research Papers, 7th ed. The Modern Language Association of America, 2009) Finding Bibliographic Information for Online Sources For Web sources, some bibliographic information may not be available, but spend time looking for it before assuming that it doesnt exist. When information isnt available on the home page, you may have to drill into the site, following links to interior pages. Look especially for the authors name, the date of publication (or latest update), and the name of any sponsoring organization. Do not omit such information unless it is genuinely unavailable. . . .Online articles and books sometimes include a DOI (digital object identifier). APA uses the DOI, when available, in place of a URL in reference list entries. (Diana Hacker and Nancy Sommers, A Writers Reference With Strategies for Online Learners, 7th ed. Bedford/St. Martins, 2011)

Due Diligence Free Essays

Due Diligence Legislation assignment #2 1. Where did the term â€Å"due diligence† come from, what case? The term due diligence came form the case Sault Ste. Marie, know as strict liability offences, by Supreme court of Canada. We will write a custom essay sample on Due Diligence or any similar topic only for you Order Now Due diligence and the strict liability were offered in response to the inadequacies of the existing criminal law, due to the actions that occurred in polluting the water source in Sault Ste. Marie, Ontario. â€Å"SCC†) in R v. Sault Ste. Marie, [1978] 2 S. C. R. 1299; 5 D. L. R. (3d) 161 (â€Å"Sault Ste. Marie†) 2. What is the â€Å"due diligence test†? The due diligence test is the â€Å"Reasonable Person Test† which is a subjective way of determining someone’s guilt or innocence. Two questions are always asked to keep up-to-date with accurate information, these two questions are: 1. â€Å"Are reasonable steps being taken and are adequate systems in place to anticipate and detect the risk associated with our operations? † 2. â€Å"Have systems been put into place to ensure that identified risks are avoided and managed properly if they occur, and are those systems being implemented properly? † 3. In your own words what does it mean? Due diligences are the understanding and knowledge of proper work techniques that are practiced. Therefore employees take part in a safe productive work places. To properly take part in a safe work place employees must be compliance with their work practice. First step in due diligence is to be able to point out any hazards that may affect your health and safety before any work begins. Secondly, being able to prevent any incidents form occurring will maintain a strong understanding of the work. Lastly, controlling the work site is key, maintaining the health and safety of employees is an important role within an organization. Practicing the role of due diligence will allow others to recognize men or women are capable of practicing the proper techniques of health and safety. 4. How does it apply to OHS? Where is it used? Due diligence is an important factor in the work practice; it is used everyday for health and safety towards workers. If an employee or employer are being charged towards an incident, they may plead not guilty if they can prove they have practiced due diligence and are compliance with their work practice. Due diligence is used in a courtroom to prove your innocents of the accused. The three factors that the judge and jury look at are foreseeability, preventability, and control. Forseeability – is having safety procedures, policies, and practices available to employees. This allows the workers to have more knowledge and understanding of the worksite. Proper training which is available to workers prevents many incidents from occurring, allowing the workers to able to notice hazards before any measures are taken. Preventability – Many incidents are preventable from taking place on worksites, employees who are trained to code are eligible to prevent incidents from occurring. Those who are trained accordingly note the hazards on site, make sure everyone knows emergency practices, and policies are being followed. Having an understanding prevents many incidents from occurring providing a safe and healthy environment. Control – To properly control incidents from occurring begins with the employers. Providing safety procedures, practices, and policies to employees is the first step in controlling the work site. Secondly employers must identify that employees are compliance to their work practice. Lastly, if the employees have the knowledge and understanding of their scope they are capable of controlling incidents. Citations: * www. wikicfo. com/wiki/default. aspxautodetectcookiesupport=1 * www. ccohs. ca * www. labour. gov. bc. ca/eao/factsheets/due_diligence. pdf * http://employment. alberta. ca/documents/WHS/WHS-PUB_li015. pdf How to cite Due Diligence, Essay examples

Designing A Light Rail Network For A City †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Designing A Light Rail Network For A City. Answer: Introduction Light rail networks have become very common in many cities across the world that have high transport demand and increased congestion. This transit mode represents a sound alternative for governments that are in search of increasing mobility in cities. It is a high-capacity, efficient and sustainable mode of transport that is able to co-exist effectively with other public transport modes. Light rail is also very attractive to commuters, city residents, tourists and investors, making it a worthy investment for any government. There are many completed and ongoing light rail network projects in cities across North America, Europe, Australia, Asia Pacific, Middle East, Africa and Latin America. These projects are mainly driven by the potential benefits of light rail networks. Some of these benefits include: less emissions and pollution(Shang Zhang, 2013); less noise; higher passenger capacity; greater comfort; increased safety; greater reliability; adaptability; environmental friendly; l ower operating costs per commuter; higher aesthetic value; increases mobility in the city; increases property values(Seo, et al., 2014); improves peoples health(MacDonald, et al., 2010); higher adaptability and flexibility(Light Rail Committee, 2016); and revenue generation through transit oriented development(Higigns, et al., 2014). In general, light rail has numerous economic, environmental and social benefits(Tourism Transport Forum Australia, 2010). Today, millions of people in different cities across all continents are moved by light rail networks every day. Nevertheless, these benefits can only be realized if the light rail network is designed and constructed appropriately by considering client and user needs and following the relevant engineering standards. The routes and all components of the light rail network should be designed by considering the goals of the network(Cohen-Blankshtain, 2011), present and planned development and other land uses in the city(Ewing Cervero, 2010). This makes design and construction processes very essential in successful implementation of a light rail network in a city. The aim of this report is to analyze various aspects of a light rail network for a city. The aspects discussed are: preliminary design phase; detailed design phase; development phase; system test, evaluation and validation processes; optimizations and human factors that should be considered when implementing this kind of project. Information contained in this report is very useful for stakeholders involved in design and construction of a light rail network as it can help them to understand the steps to follow and critical factors to consider when implementing this kind of project. Preliminary Design Phase This phase comes after the project team has decided on the specific design concept to implement from the conceptual design phase. The main purpose of preliminary design phase is to demonstrate that the chosen design concept will meet the required design, technical and performance specifications, can be implemented using the available resources and methods, and that various constraints can be overcome. During this phase, various components of light rail systems are analyzed, including their properties, how they function and what is needed to enhance their design, construction and operation. Examples of elements that are determined and analyzed at this phase include: light rail routes, vertical and horizontal alignments of the light rail, size or capacity of the light rail, number of lanes of the light rail, source of power for the light rail, communication systems, relay houses, overhead catenary system, stops and boarding stations, etc. A variety of specifications for the light rail are also determined. These include: system specifications (they entail technical, performance, functional and maintenance characteristics), development specifications (includes the required research works for new developments and/or technical items), production specifications (entails technical requirements before the start of production of components), process specification (entails processes followed to produce the required components of the light rail) and material specifications (technical requirements on properties of materials or resources to be used). At the end of this phase, the project team should ensure that the light rail network is designed for functional capability, usability, interoperability, reliability, safety, maintainability, sustainability, security, supportability serviceability, affordability and producibility disposability. The team has to produce initial preliminary layout or drafts of the light rail showing its routes, size and location of various major components. The system design developed at this stage is also reviewed and relevant feedback provided for improvement purposes in subsequent phases. Detailed Design and Development Phases Detailed design phase This is the phase where the actual design of all components and systems of the light rail are undertaken. It is the final design stage of the project where all necessary design details of the light rail are determined and documented. The system begins with establishing the necessary design requirements for the light rail components. Some of the main components that are designed in this phase are: traction power substations (these are systems that supply power to the light rail), relay houses (these are house structures or facilities that contain equipment for controlling crossing gates and signals for facilitating safe and efficient movement of the light trains), communication houses (these are house structures or facilities that contain data acquisition, supervisory control and communication equipment used for protecting and informing light rail customers, and also used by security personnel, supervisors and dispatchers for monitoring and controlling the light rail), overhead catena ry system (these are usually 2 overhead wires: top messenger wire for providing physical support and bottom contact wire for supplying electrical power), and system software this is the system that is used for automated monitoring, control and management of the light rail. The size/capacity, location and other dimensions of these components are determined at this phase. The components are also integrated to ensure that they operate as a single system. Various necessary field investigations are also carried out in this phase to ensure that designs are created based on accurate data from the field. The designs are done using appropriate design software and tools(Blanchard Fabrycky, 2010). To ensure that the detailed designs created meets the required technical and performance specifications, mockups and prototypes of each component and/or system of the light rail are also created. This helps the project team to visualize the final system that will be developed and identify some of the challenges that may be experienced along the development process. Based on the findings from the mockups and prototypes, appropriate changes can be made to the designs. Design of all the systems is done by considering existing and planned land use, mobility improvements, economic development impacts, congestion relief, cost-effectiveness and environmental benefits. Once the final designs have been prepared, appropriate construction methods are also established. These methods should facilitate construction of the light rail in accordance with the design specifications and within the stipulated budget. Another crucial task performed in this phase is cost estimation. The project team prepares cost estimates of each of the components designed followed by the final bill of quantities. Last but not least, potential construction constraints are also evaluated and suitable strategies of overcoming them established. At the end of detailed design phase, the project team should have all the necessary documents(Goral, 2007) that the contractor should use to develop the light rail. This includes project schedule and budget. Development phase This is the phase where the physical light rail is constructed. In other words, this phase entails converting drawings developed in previous phases into an actual and physical product. The phase comes after the tender has been awarded to the most qualified contractor. Some of the activities undertaken by the contractor include: excavations, installation of the light rails and construction of other light rail systems such as relay and communication houses, stops and boarding stations. The contractor should ensure that every component constructed meets the technical and performance specifications as detailed in the contract documents. This being a project that is undertaken in a city, appropriate measures should be put in place so that construction activities do not affect other transport modes and activities. System Test Evaluation and Validation Processes Test and evaluation The goals and objectives of the light rail network can only be achieved if the system is tested, evaluated and validated to have conformed to the technical, performance, functional and project requirements. These are very important processes that must be completed before the light rail is opened for use. Tests are usually carried out in factories where various components are manufactured, on site during delivery and installation, and after installation to determine their performance capability and efficiency(Sharma, (n.d.)). The necessary tests to be performed must be identified during design phases, including their scope, equipment and tools, personnel, etc. Some of the tests that are carried out on a light rail include: structural tests, safety tests(Cleghorn, 2009), performance tests, noise and vibration tests(Maeda, et al., 2011), software system tests, interoperability tests, compatibility tests, environmental and/or emissions tests, maintenance tests, reliability tests, service ability tests, supportability tests, personnel tests, etc. Findings from each of these tests are evaluated and compared with the project specifications. A component or system is only validated if it meets the required specifications or standards. Validation is done so as to confirm if the system is developed in accordance with its specifications and functions(Luna, et al., 2013). Testing and evaluation starts by testing individual components then different system elements followed by main subsystems and lastly testing the whole light rail system as one integrated system. Progressive testing, evaluation and validation of the system is very useful in preventing costly and time-consuming changes at final stages of the project. Optimization If any component or system fails to meet the required specifications or standards then it must be changed or improved before the light rail can be commissioned and opened for use. In the context of this report, optimization means improving components or systems that fail to meet the project requirements until they meet these requirements. Besides that, optimization aims at improving any other aspect of the light rail. For instance, if the light rail can be powered by renewable energy then it can optimized or modified so as to capitalize the benefits of renewable energy, and if it can be constructed using locally available materials and labour then the better. In general, optimization aims at determining the best solution for each design element of the light rail. This is usually achieved through simulations and calculations so as to obtain the best solution for each design problem. It is also worth noting that optimization does not stop during design and construction processes but ca n also be done during operation phase of the light rail network. Human Factors Human factors focuses on improving the impacts that the light rail will have on the people or the interaction between the light rail network and the users(Wilson, et al., 2012). Since most of the light rail operations are monitored and controlled remotely, its automation systems should be properly designed by considering all relevant human factors. Some of the main human factors are discussed below Safety The light rail should be designed with adequate safety features to ensure that the staffs (drivers and train crew), passengers and the public are safe at all times. This can be achieved by ensuring proper vertical and horizontal alignments of the light rail routes, use of suitable materials, trained staffs, efficient driver environments(Dobson, 2015) and proper maintenance. Reliability The light rail should have efficient control and signaling systems to inform passengers and staffs on the exact arrival and departure times. Comfort The light rail should have attractive stations where passengers can sit comfortably when waiting for the train, boarding stations should have high platforms to enable easy boarding and alighting and passenger seats should of appropriate size and shape. It should also have enough and comfortable workplace for drivers and staffs to perform their tasks efficiently(Naweed Moody, 2015). Additionally, all persons in the train must be protected from excessive noise and vibrations. Affordability The fare charged for the light rail transportation should also be reasonable so that passengers do not have to pay a higher price for the transportation services(Dadashi, et al., 2013). Therefore the government should focus on transit oriented development so as to generate more revenue other that the one collected from operational activities of the light rail. Health The light rail should also not produce emissions that affect the health of people. The emissions produced by the light rail should be minimal and lower than those generated by other transit modes. Conclusion and Recommendations Light rail is an efficient, reliable and state-of-the-art transit mode that has numerous economic, environmental and social benefits over other transit modes. Many cities across the world are adopting light rail networks so as to overcome challenges such as traffic congestion, increasing urban transportation demand and carbon emissions. However, successful implementation of a light rail network project can only be attained if all appropriate processes are followed to the later. Preliminary design phase, detailed design and development phases, and test, evaluation, validation and optimization processes are very essential stages when developing a light rail network. Each of these phases must be performed with utmost thoughtfulness and effectiveness for the light rail network to achieve its goals and objectives. Since the light rail network is also largely controlled by automated systems, it is very important to consider human factors such as safety, comfort, reliability, affordability and health. Most importantly is that all stakeholders should be involved from very early stages of the project and work as a team from start to finish References Blanchard, B. Fabrycky, W., 2010. Systems engineering and analysis. 5th ed. New Jersey, U.S.: Prentice Hall. Cleghorn, D., 2009. Improving pedestrian and motorist safety along light rail alignments, Washington, D.C.: Transportation Research Board. Cohen-Blankshtain, G. F. E., 2011. Light rail routing: Do goals matter?. Transportation, Volume 38, pp. 343-361. Dadashi, N., Scott, A., Wilson, J. Mills, A., 2013. Rail human factors: supporting reliability, safety and construction. Boca Raton, Florida: CRC Press. Dobson, K., 2015. Human factors and ergonomics in transportation control systems. Procedia Manufacturing, Volume 3, pp. 2913-2920. Ewing, R. Cervero, R., 2010. Travel and the built environment: A meta-analysis. Journal of the American Planning Association, 3(265-294), p. 76. Goral, J., 2007. Risk management in the conceptual design phase of building projects. Goteborg, Sweden: Chalmers University of Technology. Higigns, C., Ferguson, M. Kanaroglou, P., 2014. Light rail and land use change: rail transit' role in reshaping and revitalizing cities. Journal of Public Transportation, 17(2), pp. 93-112. Light Rail Committee, 2016. Knowledge Brief - Light rail: a tool to serve customers and cities , Brussels: International Association of Public Transport. Luna, S. et al., 2013. Integration, verification, validation, test and evaluation (IVVTE) framework for system of systems (SoS). Pocedia Computer Science, Volume 20, pp. 295-305. MacDonald, J. et al., 2010. The effect of light rail transit on body mass index and physical activity. American Journal of Preventive Medicine, 39(2), pp. 105-112. Maeda, T. et al., 2011. Noise and vibration mitigation for rail transportation systems: Proceedings of the 10th International Workshop on Railway Noise, Nagahama, Japan, 18-22 October, 2010 , Berlin: Springer Science Business Media. Naweed, A. Moody, H., 2015. A streetcar undesired: investigating ergonomics and human factors issues in the driver-cab interface of Australian trams. Urban Railway Transit, 1(3), pp. 149-158. Seo, K., Golub, A. Kuby, M., 2014. Combined impacts of highways and light rail transit on residential property values: a spatial hedonic price model for Phoenix, arizona. Journal of Transport Geography, Volume 41, pp. 53-62. Shang, B. Zhang, X., 2013. Study of emission reduction: benefits of urban rail transit. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, Volume 96, pp. 557-564. Sharma, R., (n.d.). Testing and commissioning process for a light rail project, United Kingdom: Ove Arup Partners Ltd. Tourism Transport Forum Australia, 2010. TTF Transport Position Paper: The Benefits of Light Rail, Sydney: Tourism Transport Foum Australia. Wilson, J. et al., 2012. Rail human factors around the world: impacts on and of people for successful rail operations. Boca Raton, Florida: CRC Press.

Richard III Essays (826 words) - Shakespearean Histories

Richard III What Richard III did was Right, or Wrong King Richard III, in my opinion, was a greedy, yet determined man who would do whatever it took to achieve the position of king of England. What he did to get to this position was wrong, however, how he went about achieving what he wanted shows that he had intelligence. Having to kill a family member to get to where he wanted to be, did not even stop him. I believe that him doing this was very dishonorable. Even the book, Shakespeare and the Renaissance Code of Honor says "dishonor is worse than death." In this same book I found a piece of information saying "If the renaissance aristocracy loved and pursued honor intensely, and with it's whole being. It follows logically that dishonor was the one thing in life which could not be tolerated." Another quote from the same book on honor says "Since honor was so highly esteemed not only to one's own life, but also the lives of those close and dear to oneself, might be sacrificed in order to maintain one's reputation", which is almost exactly what Richard did. As stated above, in my opinion, I think that what Richard III did to achieve his position was wrong, but he does have a massive amount of intelligence to be able to pull off his master plan. His goal is to become the King of England, and he would go to any means necessary to get this. Although what he did proved to be morally in correct, the also proved to be intelligent ideas. For example, he sees a path he can take that will lead him right to the thrown, but his brother, Clarence, is next in line to inherit it. What Richard does to prevent this from happening is he has his own brother murdered. That, in my views, is one of the most dishonorable things he does in the play. Yet he executes this plan very wisely. The reason behind this being that he hired two hit-men to do it for him, and the authorities have no way of pinning this crime on Richard. From one internet site Richard in the Mirror of the Centuries, it says, "Shakespeare's characterization of Richard III has been accepted as a historical portrait ? a portrait of the most wicked of English kings. The question is, whether this is not rather exaggerated?" After reading further in this document, I find that it blatantly says "From the very first beginning, in the opening soliloquy, Richard tells the spectators about his own wickedness and he really does prove a villain! He verifies the impression we get in the first scene throughout the drama by acting and thinking the way he does. Always doing what he was"promised" before, he appears to be an unscrupulous person ? a night-mare king." Which supports my opinion which says what he does is wrong. There is also another type of honor that I see broken in this play, and that's honor to your family. If he honored his family, he would let things take the course they are supposed to take, and let his brother Clarence take over as King. I found a quote in the book Shakespeare and the Renaissance Concept of Honor, by a man by the name of Castiglione, and the quote says "for it is a great deal less dispraise for him that is not born a gentleman to fail in the acts of virtue, than for a gentleman. If he swerve from the steps of his ancestors, he has straineth the name of his family." In addition to this quote, I would like to mention that this book also says "Loyalty to one's family is placed ahead of obedience." So according to these teaching, what Richard did, just killing his brother, appears to be very dishonorable, and that is aside from everything else that he did. In conclusion to my essay would like to say that there seems to be plenty of facts, in books, that proves my opinion which is, what Richard did was wrong. According to the Elizabethan Laws, All the things that he did was extremely dishonorable. All the facts that I found in my references are true facts, they are not laws that are made for the story. I can see how the laws, or teaching have changed from back in the Elizabethan time, and now. For an interesting thought, I think that these acts, to a certain extent,

war of 1812 worst fought war1 essays

war of 1812 worst fought war1 essays The War of 1812 also know as "The Second American War for Independance" (Bailey pg. 233) was fought between the meeger forces of the American government and the supreme power of Great Britain. The war ended in 1815 with the treaty of Gehnt, this treaty wasnt really a treaty but an armastice or surrender of arms. The American military suffered from defeat after defeat during the begining of the war, these loses could be contributed to by the lack of citizen support in the time of war, also the lack in size and power of the American military. These factor validate the statement that the War of 1812 was the "Worst fought American war." At the begining of the war America was fighting with Great Britain for regress of greivances such as forcefull impressment of sailors, and seizure of American cargos. Plus the extraction of British troups from the Ohio valley which was previously promised in two former treaties, Jays treaty and the Treaty of Paris. The regress of grievances was just a stepping stone for American ambition, after the start of the war Americans thought wouldnt it be great if we could add Canada and Spanish Florida to our ever expanding bounderies. But the backing of the war wasnt there politicaly the northern merchants were affraid of the deletion of trade options with Britain because of the war. The southern farmers were also against the war because Britain was there main purchaser of cotton and indigo. On the other hand you have to Backcountry farmers who need more room to expand there farms or find better soil for crops who wanted to the war to expand there expansion areas. Support also came from t he deep southern farmers who wanted Florida for there own. The ideas between both of these groups created political disunity between the states, making them quarel among themselves weakening the national government. As we travel back a little in time we come to Jefferson's ...

History of Statistics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

History of Statistics - Essay Example He further elaborated that statistics can be applied to numeric, alphabetical, and even symbolic data. Statistics has been traditionally regarded as the "science of the state" because its original designation and application is in the analysis of the data about the state. Statistics is primarily used to refer to the collection and classification of data for governmental and administrative bodies in the early 19th century. The 20th century saw a substantial advancement in statistics as this science is not only employed to gather demographic data but has also become an instrumental tool in the analysis of public health concerns, economic, and social matters (Statistics 3-5). With these developments, the task of statistician has branched out from the collection and analysis of the governmental data to encompass other sectors like business and industry, health and medicine, learning, research, social scientists and natural resources (Careers in Statistics 1-20). Statistics is important to all these fields as the often predict and test the validity of various hypothesis. The main task of the statistician in these diverse fields is to carry out the statistical processes-data collection, analysis, presentation, interpretation of results and elaboration of methods. Statisticians must also determine the validity of the data they gather.

Marine Biodiversity as a Part of Public Goods Essay

Marine Biodiversity as a Part of Public Goods - Essay Example In the recent past, over-fishing done by greedy individuals has led to an imbalance in the marine ecosystem. The general worries that scientists and conservationists have on over-fishing and pulverization of habitats are set apart in many parts of the biosphere and the result is that they have harmed the marine environment irreversibly. Disturbance of this adjusted biological system by individuals for medicinal drugs, food, tourism and trading activities hinder the development, ecosystem.Governments have come up with standard procedures and measures to solve the problem of over-exploitation of fisheries. The latter being a good example to highlight on how aspects of marine conservation have been carried out in the past. Overfishing is believed to arise from two possibilities in marine ecosystem; first, fisheries as a resource brings forth rivalry when it comes to consumption. This is due to the fact that the exact value and benefit of one fish caught by a fisherman cannot be enjoyed by the other. Secondly, the fishermen cannot be restricted from using the fisheries since it is a public good. Consequently, the agencies that manage fisheries use equipment and methods that focus on addressing basic issues brought by over-fishing (Geuss 117). For example, putting restrictions on inputs such as the vessel sizes, limiting the output, in this case, the total catch for every resource user. Lastly, the right of accessing the fisheries or pastures in case of pastoralists can also be limited.

Contributions of Siddhartha Gautama to Buddhism

Contributions of Siddhartha Gautama to Buddhism Ilinca Stingaciu Siddhartha Gautama, later known as the Buddha, is considered the founder of Buddhist religion. Many buddhist beliefs and teachings are based on the Buddhas discoveries and teachings. One of the most important ways in which the Siddhartha Gautama influenced Buddhism is by actually spreading the religion, and spreading this teachings to people, which drew in followers who continued to further spread buddhism (Alldritt, 2004, p. 25). After reaching enlightenment, Buddha found the answer to suffering, which is also referred to as the dukkha in religious scripts. Based on his realizations, he founded the Four Noble truths of suffering, an important concept in Buddhist teachings. The first of the truths, known as the Truth of suffering, essentially states that everything in life leads to suffering. The second truth, that of where suffering comes from, explains the realization that suffering stems from selfishness and cravings. The third truth teaches of the cessation or elimination of suff ering within ones life, and to let go of all cravings or desires that cause suffering (Gethin, 1998, p. 59).The fourth truth teaches what to do be able to eliminate suffering, essentially teaching followers how to come about attaining nirvana (Gethin, 1998, p. 80). The eightfold path, a common concept and symbol in Buddhism, was also established by the Buddha based on fourth of the Noble truths. This outlines eight concepts on how to live life, which guide a person to end suffering, and find fulfillment (Gethin, 1998, p. 82). Meditation is a key practice within Buddhist religion, one that like many, can be traced back the the Buddha. He taught followers how to meditate in order to separate themselves from their personal thoughts and emotions (Hope Van Loon, 1999, p. 38). He encouraged ideology that enlightenment and meditation is personal, so each person must find their way to enlightenment on their own (Ross, 1980, p. 4). Born into royalty, Siddhartha Gautama was raised in a life of luxury, sheltered from the realities of pain and suffering (Ross, p. 5). After one day going against his Fathers orders to stay within the palace walls, Siddhartha was given a tour of the city, where he learned of the three sufferings (Ross, 1980, p. 6). Outside, the prince saw the realities of illness, aging, and death. Siddhartha was scared of the fate of pain and death which awaited everyone, and no longer saw a purpose in anything after (Hope Van Loon, 1999, p. 13). He found no more value in wealth he had and in the pleasures of life, as he realized that it would all go to waste in the inevitability of suffering and death (Gethin, 1998, p.15). Siddartha wanted to find out how to find happiness, regardless of inevitable suffering (Ross, 1980, p. 6). He isolated himself from everyone, and sat under the Bodhi tree, until he fully understood suffering (Hope Van Loon, p. 19). Further inspiration came after Buddhas enlight enment. After discovering the true meaning of suffering, and how to accept it within ones life, he made it his mission to help others find this awakening, and understand the truth about suffering (Gethin, 1998, p.15). Although Buddha had attained Nirvana, he chose to stay on earth to teach others how to reach enlightenment just as he had. He believed everyone should have equal right be followers and learn the teachings of their religion (Ross, 1980, p. 5). This was his inspiration to spread Buddhist teachings, rather than to keep his awakening to himself (Ross, 1980, pg. 18). He drew in followers who continued to further spread Buddhism (Alldritt, 2004, p. 25), and encouraged followers to question everything he said in order to find a path to enlightenment on their own, in lieu of only following his word (Hope Van Loon, 1999, p. 7). He did not want to be seen as their religious leader, but rather as a teacher on how to reach enlightenment (Ross, 1980, p. 4). `All created things perish, he who knows and sees this becomes passive in pain; this is the way to purity. (The Dhammapada, verse 277). Through this quote are reflected many core buddhist teachings, as many teaching surround the idea of transience, from one life to the next. It exemplifies how in order to reach enlightenment, and to be free of pain and suffering, one must realize what suffering truly is, and why it is present within all life. Buddha saw that suffering stemmed from greed and desire. This belief was outlined through the second of the Four Noble truths, realizing where suffering comes from. He believed that in order to end suffering, one must give up materialistic and selfish desires The quote can be translated back into the ideology of the Four Noble truths, as these truths outline the meaning of suffering within ones life, truths that must be realized in order to find enlightenment (Gethin, 1998, p. 59). The quote alludes to the need for this clarity and knowledge of suffering to achieve enlightenment. One of the many teachings of the Buddha are the three Marks of Existence. The first is dukkha, which is suffering. The second is the teaching of impermanence known as anitya, stating that nothing lasts, as everything is a transition into something else. The third, anatman teaches to be selfless, in the sense that a person does not live forever, so nothing considered to be part of ones personality will live on. Analyzing these teachings, they can be related to the idea set out in the quote, that of continuity and the inevitability of dukkha, or suffering. Out of these, the anitya, the second teaching, provides the clearest link to the meaning of the quote.ÂÂ   Anitya teaches that nothing lasts forever, just as the quote states that everything ends and this must be realized, which are in part done by understanding the Three Marks (Alldritt, 2004, p. 24). References Alldritt, L. (2004, October). Buddhism. Retrieved from ebooks.infobaselearning.com/View.asp x?ISBN=9781438106380InstID=7469 The Dhammapada, (n.d.). Full books. Retrieved from www.fullbooks.com/The-Dhammapada. html Gethin, R. (1998). The Foundations of Buddhism. Retrieved from search.ebscohost.com/logi n.aspx?direct=truedb=nlebkAN=12334site=ehost-liveebv=EBppid=pp_59 Hope, J. Van Loon, B. (1999). Introducing Buddha. Cambridge, UK: Icon Books. Ross, N. (1980). Buddhism: A Way of Life and Thought. Location:Vintage Books.

Coles Sales Promotion Essay

Pacific managing director of Nielsen Consumer Group, saidâ€Å"It’s no surprise that consumers are increasingly concerned about their household budgets in response to such fluctuating economic conditions, and the cost-saving strategies currently being employed by consumers are likely to continue well into the year. †(Jessica Kennedy,2011)Due to the rising concern of the current unstable economic condition in Australia, the people have developed a tendency to save or spend only what is necessary. There is also a concern for the rising food and fuel prices and more and more people are looking for good deals and bargains for the basic necessities required to run a household. If this holds true to the working population then this will hold true even more to the student population in Australia who perhaps only have a part time job and live on a fixed budget. Market analysis: The student population contributes a lot to the economy of Australia. In 2008, the total tertiary student community in Melbourne was around 208,800 people and international tertiary student population numbering was at least 28,150 (Melbourne City Research, 2010). These numbers have steadily risen in the past years and will continue to do so. From this situation analysis, it can be derived that it would be a successful venture if fresh and frozen fruits and vegetables were offered at a discounted price by Coles to students in Melbourne for a limited period of time. And if the response is successful in Melbourne it can be an option to expand to other cities as well. Sales promotion pitch: Offering a 15% discount to students from the 1s of July to the 31st of July on all of Coles’ fresh and frozen fruits and vegetable line. SWOT analysis : Strengths:The current economic condition will help the response to a sale if it is held. It will attract the customers and increase revenue. It is also a healthy campaign as fruits and vegetables are being offered at a discount to students to encourage them to eat healthier and will boost the image of Coles. Weaknesses:The risk that the response may not be as enthusiastic as predicted from the target audience. Also that it is targeting a very specific segment of the market and that can be risky to the campaign if the response is not as predicted. Opportunities:The option to hold this sale every half year or more frequently if response is good and also in a larger number of cities. Threats: Competitors like Woolworths and Aldi may also put their items on sale to compete with Coles. Target Segment Demographics: Treating the market as heterogeneous, as all the people of Melbourne are not being targeted and they don’t have similar wants, the target profile for the campaign would look like the following : * Age|* Late teens and above| * Gender|* Male and female|Geographic area|* Melbourne| * Occupation|* Students| * Household size|* Living alone or with housemates| * Lifestyle and Habits|* Lives on a budget, tends to look forthe most reasonable prices, prioritizes saving andhas a slightly more healthy lifestyle. | The typical profile of the segment being targeted would be a College student who Lives alone or with housemates or in a dorm and who purchases their own groceries. Within the target audience there will be differen t views and attitudes about fruits and vegetables. The types of opinions are usually four in kind. They are: * The appreciators: will be the portion of the target market that like eating healthy and enjoy eating lots of fruits and vegetables. These people may be more health conscious and aware of the fact that fruits and vegetables are a very important part of the diet. â€Å" I love fruits and vegetables! They are a part of almost all of my meals for the day†* The acceptors: are the segment of students that eat a moderate amount of fruits and vegetables but also prefer meats and other food items.I like fruits and vegetables but I don’t like including them in all my meals, I prefer meat†* The resistors:this segment is not very fond of fruits and vegetables but eat them on occasion. â€Å"fruits and vegetables are ok but I would rather eat something else†* The rejecters: This portion of students is strongly against adding fruits or vegetables to their daily meals and would most definitely eat other foods ins tead. Insert refrence pg. 206 One of the purposes of the campaign is to try and get the percentage of the resistors and the rejecters to convert to either the acceptors or the appreciators. Time frame: The promotion will last for one month. Starting July 1st and ending July 31st. The duration chosen is during the offseason period where there are no big sales held otherwise. This will make it easier to persuade the target market to purchase their groceries at Coles as it will be cheaper to do so. It gives them an incentive to buy. 20 specimen subjects from Chisholm College that fit the target profile completed a survey about why they picked a particular store over another. Four fixed options were asked and the results were as follows: More than half, i. e 11 people out of 20, said that the main reason they choose a store was because of its low prices. 6 people said they choose a store according to how conveniently it’s located, 2 said it was because of loyalty to the store and 1 said because of good customer service. This further emphasizes the fact that if a sales promotion was held, the response would be enthusiastic and the campaign would be successful. Main Objective: * Increasing the sales of fresh, frozen and canned fruits and vegetables by 5 to 10 percent in the month of July. Initially only in Melbourne with an option to expand to other cities if the response is positive. Additional objectives: * Enhance customer loyalty * Create new customers * To reinforce brand advertising * Encouraging students to eat healthier Perception – achieve at least a 65% increase in awareness of the sales promotion in the firstweek Cognition – Achieve recall of discount period at Coles by at least 80% of the students in Melbourne Persuasion – Make the target audience want to go to Coles for their groceries rather than its competitors Emotion – Induce humor and fun through the advertisement Association – Associate Coles with the most reasonable prices and quality goods Behavior – Persuade at least 3% of the customers that shop at Woolworths, Aldi and other competitors to switch over to Coles Approach: The type of approach to be used for this promotion is the emotional approach and a soft sell strategy. Humor will be used a medium in the advertisement to allow students to relate to the campaign easily and for retention of the message to create the need to buy fruits and vegetables at Coles. An anonymous survey was conducted using 20 students in Chisholm College that fit the target audience. They were asked to state what kinds of advertisements they remembered the easiest out of a given three choices. Out of 20 students, 15 said humorous advertisements were the easiest to remember, 2 said informative and 3 said shock advertising. Pull promotional strategy: ‘ In a pull strategy, the manufacturer directs the majority of its promotional effort towards the ultimate consumer in an attempt to get them to pull the products through the marketing channel. ’ (McColl – Kennedy, JR, 1994) A pull promotional strategy creates a high degree of awareness amongst consumers and implants a desire and an interest for the product. This makes the customers to go to the retail store with the determination to find the product to purchase it and if it is not available they urge the retailer to stock up on it. This is the strategy that Coles is aiming at following as the message will be sent directly to the ultimate consumers who are in this case the students, urging them to purchase frozen, fresh and canned fruits and vegetables. And when the demand exceeds the supply, it will cause the Coles retail stores to urge the wholesalers and other links in the product chain to acquire the product causing a pulling effect through the marketing channel. Communication: In order to inform the potential customers about the promotion, effective and efficient advertising must be carried out. The use of Television, the internet, newspapers and magazines help in doing so. Since the target market is only students, it would also be productive to display the advertisements on social networking sites on the internet. To further reach students fliers can be put up on the notice boards and in the college magazines. Point of purchase displays also helps as it improves in store branding and keeps the customer informed. Having sales signs near the product also can lead to impulse buying. The key message sent out here would be that it is cheaper to buy your groceries at Coles than at any other supermarket. Eliciting the desired response: The main reason for fierce advertising and promotions is due to the reason that the sales promotion will be carried out for one month only. During this time period, Coles seeks to attract as many customers as possible to their stores in Melbourne. It is true that the potential customers go through a behavioral or psychological process before purchasing a product called a response hierarchy. The Coles advertisements and promotions seek to fulfill all the steps in this hierarchy chain.

How important was the fear of Trotsky becoming leader in explaining Stalin’s victory in the power struggle in the years 1924-1929? Essay

Everyone believed Trotsky would take leadership after Lenin died, even if they didn’t want him to. No one thought it would be Stalin. Therefore, Stalin felt he had to defeat Trotsky in order to become leader. However, the fear of Trotsky becoming leader isn’t the only factor in explaining Stalin’s victory in the power struggle. Lenin died, January 21 1924. This is when the Lenin Legacy begun. Stalin took it upon himself to give a speech at Stalin’s funeral; he personally swore to carry on the work of Lenin. As General Secretary he supervised the Lenin Enrolment (expansion of the party in tribute to Lenin). He published a book â€Å"Foundations of Leninism†, a basic understanding of Lenin’s ideas for the uneducated. Stalin emphasised his commitment to Lenin by dishonoring Trotsky and other Bolsheviks by saying they were unfaithful. Stalin used the Decree against Factionalism to accuse opponents of disloyalty to the memory of Lenin. Stalin used the Lenin Legacy to his advantage all the way through the power struggle. In 1924, when The Lenin Enrolment was announced, the party increased from 500,000 to over 1 million members by 1926. The new members were young, in-experienced and lacking education. This meant Stalin could easily influence them. Zinoviev and Kamenev both feared Trotsky’s power more than Stalin. They teamed up with Stalin, in order to over-throw Trotsky. He was unpopular as he was extremely arrogant. Thus when he missed Lenin’s funeral due to Stalin telling him the wrong date, he became even more hated. In a Marxist fashion, Trotsky travelled the world, informing people of world revolution. This meant Stalin could build a good relationship with Russia, persuading everyone he would carry on the work of Lenin. In December 1924, Stalin spoke of â€Å"socialism in one country† Trotsky strongly disagreed and as a result he was accused of Factionalism. In January 1925, the Central Committee removed Trotsky from the War Commissariat. From 1928 onwards Trotsky lived his life in exile before being murdered in 1940. Stalin had allied with Zinoviev and Kamenev but after Trotsky’s defeat they were concerned that Stalin had too much power within the Party. Kamenev was defeated, his lost control of the Moscow Party. However Zinoviev fought back, he held onto the Leningrad Party and attacked the NEP policy. They argued that it was capitalist and it was time to introduce rapid industrialisation. However, they also questioned Socialism in One Country, which meant the attack was also against Bukharin. They realised that without an international revolution they wouldn’t reach Marxism Utopia, as the economic backwardness of the country would destroy the Soviet Union. Therefore, Stalin and Bukharin united. Once again, Stalin accused Zinoviev of Factionalism. Bukharin’s popularity and Stalin’s control of the delegates allowed them to defeat Zinoviev. At the 14th Party Congress in December 1925, angry delegates shouted down the slander of Stalin and defeated the programme of Zinoviev and Kamenev by 559 votes to 65. 1926, Zinoviev lost control of Leningrad to be replaced as Chair of the Comintern by Bukharin. Following this, Zinoviev and Kamenev tried to form an alliance with Trotsky (he had spoke out about the NEP policy in 1924) but there was little trust between them. In 1926, they released copies of Lenin’s Political Testament but it didn’t work, they were seen as Factionalists. They were removed from The Central Committee and secret police were used to stop the Political Testament being published. They were sent to exile. Stalin had defeated the Left wing of the politburos; he now planned to attack the Right wing. By 1926, the Soviet Union was effectively ruled by Stalin and Bukharin. Stalin saw the NEP as a compromise with the peasantry. Ironically, he now agreed with the United Opposition’s policies to introduce rapid industrialisation. He turned against Bukharin, Rykov, and Tomsky. In November 1929 Bukharin lost his position in the politburo. Stalin used his powers as General Secretary to purge the trades’ leadership thus Tomsky losing his post on the Central Council of Trades Union and his place in the politburo in 1930. 21 December 1929, Stalin’s 50th birthday, Pravda call him â€Å"the Lenin of today†, Stalin had finally won the power struggle. When looking at all of the factors for why Stalin won the power struggle, the fear of Trotsky coming into power seems a small influence. However, it was the difference in personalities and different views for the county that kick started the power struggle. Trotsky did not fight for power; he simply fought for what he thought was right. Even though he was an ex-Menshevik, he kept closest to the theory of Marxism. For example, when he lost his role of The War Commissariat he didn’t fight back. He never believed he would be in charge because he was Jewish. While it was important, I do not believe the fear of Trotsky to be the crucial component in Stalin winning the power struggle. He was a vindictive creature that would go to the extremes to get what he wanted. His political genius was much more vital. Without it I don’t think he would have got where he did. He was cunning in the fact that he was able to not only defeat the bodies of the politburo but also, use their skills to his advantage and then turn against them. As well as this, being General Secretary was a big advantage, it allowed him to keep the Political Testament a secret. The Lenin Legacy was also extremely important. When he expanded the Bolshevik party, I believe he brainwashed many of the new members. He used their lack of education against them.

Risk factors in the transmission of alcoholism from parent...

Alcoholism is a major contributor to dysfunction in families today. Research has shown that children who are born to an alcoholic family are adversely affected by alcoholism in their development (Baker and Stephenson, 1995). Children of alcoholics possess a greater risk of acquiring alcoholism as a result of their parent ¡Ã‚ ¦s alcoholism (Reich, 1997). Within the body of this paper, this thesis will be supported. The text of this paper will list and describe risk factors in the transmission of alcoholism from parent to child, both specifically related to alcohol use and influences of a psychosocial nature. It has been speculated for some time that alcoholism has biological roots, being passed down to children from generation to†¦show more content†¦Ellis and Zucker believe genetic risk factors play a role in the acquisition of alcoholism, such as physiological responses to alcohol, and the process of metabolization. They feel inherited biology is a significant area where familial influence can influence a child in developing alcoholism. However, Ellis and Zucker go on to say that the child ¡Ã‚ ¦s psychosocial environment cannot be ignored, since there is much familial influence in this realm as well (Ellis Zucker, 1997). Family has a vital role in molding a child ¡Ã‚ ¦s future drinking behavior through the parents ¡Ã‚ ¦ behavioral example in using alcohol. Ellis and Zuckerman also cite the importance of the ways in which the parents sort out, understand, and teach their children the norms and standards of the general public in regards to alcohol. Ellis and Zuckerman wrote,  ¡Ã‚ §Accordingly, the modeling of parental drinking behavior, the development of alcohol expectancies, and ethnic differences in drinking practices all make up the environmental family influence that are related to children of alcoholics alcohol use ¡Ã‚ ¨ [electronic version]. Jacob and Johnson similarly point to recent studies that suggest that a persons ideas regarding the effects of alcohol can be significant markers of alcohol use and abuse. Additionally, studies evaluating the impact of parental drinking on the development of childrens alcohol expectancies have revealed three key issues (Jacob Johnson, 1997). The firstShow MoreRelatedAlcohol And Substance Abuse : An Individual Behavior That Reflects Underlying Dysfunction921 Words   |  4 Pagespredictor of antisocial behaviors and substance abuse (Velleman, Templeton Copello, 2005). A child s family is responsible for the socialization process. It is important that the family helps the child socialize in a way that helps them adjust to the demands and possibilities of their environment and social circle. 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